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Perform Identity Resolution in Snowflake

Abstract

LiveRamp's Identity Resolution capability in Snowflake allows for the translation of various identifiers to RampIDs. This allows you to resolve personally-identifiable information (PII) or device identifiers to a persistent pseudonymous identifier for persons and households. You can also input an individual-based RampID and get back any household-based RampID that might be associated with that individual.

LiveRamp's Identity Resolution capability in Snowflake allows for the translation of various identifiers to RampIDs. This allows you to resolve personally-identifiable information (PII) or device identifiers to a persistent pseudonymous identifier for persons and households. You can also input an individual-based RampID and get back any household-based RampID that might be associated with that individual.

Caution

This content is for customers utilizing the latest version of the LiveRamp Identity Resolution and Translation native app in Snowflake (starting October 2023). For customers utilizing previous versions of LiveRamp's native apps in Snowflake (the LiveRamp Identity Resolution native app or the LiveRamp Translation native app), see this documentation.

Note

For more information about RampID, see "RampID Methodology".

Once you've translated your data to RampIDs, you can then share that data to your LiveRamp account for activation. For more information, see "Share Data from Snowflake to Your LiveRamp Account".

The following identifiers can be resolved:

  • Names

  • Postal addresses

  • Email addresses

  • Phone numbers

  • Cookies

  • MAIDs (mobile device IDs)

  • CTV IDs (Connected TV Device IDs)

  • CIDs (custom identifiers)

  • Person-based, maintained RampIDs (for resolution to household RampIDs)

Based on the type of identifier you’re resolving, you might receive one RampID per identifier or multiple RampIDs per identifier:

  • For PII touchpoints (in PII or email resolution), you can choose to receive from 1 to10 RampIDs (if available).

  • Typically for cookie and mobile device ID resolution, one RampID is returned, given that the devices are not normally shared.

  • For CTV identifiers it is common to receive multiple individual RampIDs per identifier.

  • For CIDs, the number of RampIDs will vary.

  • When resolving individual RampIDs to household RampIDs, only one household RampID is returned.

These capabilities are available within Snowflake through a native app, which creates a share to your account, opening up a view to query the reference data set from within your own Snowflake environment. See "LiveRamp Embedded Identity in Snowflake" for more information.

Performing identity resolution with the LiveRamp Identity native app requires the creation of two tables:

  • A metadata table, indicated in the sample SQL as customer_meta_table_name.

  • An input table, indicated in the sample SQL as customer_input_table_name.

Overall Steps

After you've set up the LiveRamp Identity native app in Snowflake (see "Set Up the Native App" for instructions), perform the following steps to perform identity resolution:

  1. Create the input table for the appropriate identity resolution operation.

    Note

    An input table needs to be prepared for each identity resolution operation and can only contain one type of identifiers.

  2. Specify the variables to be used in the calls.

  3. Create the metadata table for the appropriate identity resolution operation.

    Note

    A metadata table can be reused for multiple operations, but a separate metadata table must be prepared for each different identity resolution operation you want to perform. For example, if you’re going to perform identity resolution on both MAIDs and hashed emails, you’ll need a different metadata table for each operation.

  4. Set up permissions for the tables to be used for identity resolution.

  5. Perform the appropriate identity resolution process, depending on the identifiers being resolved.

  6. View the output table.

See the sections below for information on performing these tasks.

Note

The LiveRamp Identity native app is parameterized and relies on variables set by the user with the sample SQL in the Execution worksheet. When executing an identity resolution operation, those variables must be set during each active session.

Create the Input Table for Identity Resolution

An input table needs to be prepared for each identity resolution operation.

When creating tables, keep the following guidelines in mind:

  • The column names for the input table can be whatever you want to use, as long as the names match the values specified in the metadata table.

  • Do not use any column names that are the same as the column names returned in the output table for the identity resolution operation you're going to run.

  • Every column name must be unique in a table.

  • Try not to use additional columns in the input tables required for the identity resolution operation as having extra columns slows down processing.

  • Per Snowflake guidelines, table names cannot begin with a number.

See the sections below for suggested input table columns and descriptions for each resolution type.

The output table is created by the operation that you run. For an example, see the sections in "View the Output Table" below.

Input Table Columns for PII Resolution

The PII resolution process passes the data through a privacy filter which removes the PII and reswizzles the table. Because of this, any attributes you need to keep associated with the identifier need to be included in the input table. For more information, see the "Privacy Filter" section below.

Note

  • This offering includes running our Identity Graph on demand. Our testing indicates that a warehouse size of 3XL that is not being used for any other operations performs best for average workloads, but this is dependent on your individual setup. Contact your LiveRamp representative to understand the performance implications of your setup.

  • When resolving email data only, using the email-only resolution operation can provide higher throughput compared to full PII resolution. This is dependent on warehouse and setup, so talk with your LiveRamp team to determine the best approach for the use case.

These column names cannot be used in the input table for PII resolution:

  • RampID

  • __lr_rank

  • __lr_filter_ name

See the table below for a list of the suggested input table columns and descriptions for PII resolution.

Suggested Column Name

Example

Description

first_name

John

You can include separate First Name and Last Name columns or you can combine first name and last name in one column (such as “Name”).

last_name

Doe

You can include separate First Name and Last Name columns or you can combine first name and last name in one column (such as “Name”).

address_1

123 Main St

address_2

Apt 1

You can include separate Address 1 and Address 2 columns or you can combine all street address information in one column (such as “Address”).

city

Smalltown

When matching on address, City is optional.

state

CA

  • When matching on address, State is optional.

  • If including State, must be a two-character, capitalized abbreviation ("CA", not "California" or "Ca").

zip

12345

  • Required when matching on addresses.

  • Can be in 5-digit format or 9-digit format (ZIP+4).

email

john@email.com

  • Plaintext emails only.

  • Only one email per input row is permitted. Other emails must be dropped or included in an additional row. If you include an additional row, repeat the values for the name fields for the best match rates.

  • All emails must meet these requirements:

    • Have characters before and after the “@” sign

    • Contain a period character (“.”)

    • Have characters after the period character

  • Examples of valid emails include:

    • a@a.com

    • A@A.COM

    • email@account.com

    • EMAIL@ACCOUNT.COM

    • email@sub.domain.com

    • EMAIL@SUB.DOMAIN.COM

phone

555-123-4567

  • Plain text phone numbers only.

  • Only one phone number per input row is permitted. Other phone numbers must be dropped or included in an additional row. If you include an additional row, repeat the values for the name fields for the best match rates.

  • All phone numbers must meet these requirements:

    • Can be more than 10 characters if leading numbers over 10 characters are “0” or “1”

    • If no leading numbers are used, must be 10 characters long

    • Can contain hyphens (“-”), parentheses (“(“ or “)”), plus signs (“+”), and periods (“.”)

  • Examples of valid phone numbers include:

    • 8668533267

    • 866.853.3267

    • (866) 853-3267

    • 8668533267

    • +1 (866) 853-3267

    • +18668533267

    • 18668533267

    • 1111111118668533267

    • 08668533267

  • Examples of invalid phone numbers include:

    • 987654321 (fewer than 10 characters)

    • 98765432109 (more than 10 characters)

    • 1234567890 (after removing the leading “1”, less than 10 characters remain)

    • 0987654321 (after removing the leading “0”, less than 10 characters remain)

attribute_1

For PII resolution, you can include columns with attribute data. These columns will be returned in the output table (for more information, see the "View the PII Resolution Output Table" section below).

Input Table Columns for Email-Only Resolution

The email-only resolution process operates similarly to PII resolution. Any attributes you need to keep associated with the identifier need to be included in the input table. For more information, see the "Privacy Filter" section below.

Note

  • When resolving email data only, using email-only resolution can provide higher throughput compared to full PII resolution. Talk with your LiveRamp team to determine the best approach for the use case.

  • To perform identity resolution across additional PII touchpoints, see the “View the PII Resolution Output Table” section above.

See the table below for a list of the suggested input table columns and descriptions for email-only resolution.

Suggested Column Name

Example

Description

hashed_email

8c9775a5999b5f0088008c0b26d7fe8549d5c80b0047784996a26946abac0cef

  • SHA-256 hashed emails only.

  • Email addresses should be uppercased and UTF-8 encoded prior to hashing.

  • After hashing, convert the resulting hash into lowercase hexadecimal representation.

attribute_1

Male

For email address resolution, you can include columns with attribute data. These columns will be returned in the output table (for more information, see the "View the Email-Only Resolution Output Table" section below).

Input Table Columns for Device ID Resolution

The device ID resolution operation can be used for the following purposes:

  • To translate device identifiers (cookies, MAIDs, and CTV IDs) into individual RampIDs

  • To translate individual RampIDs into their associated household RampIDs

See the tables below for a list of the suggested input table columns and descriptions for these device ID resolution options.

Note

  • Each device ID resolution input table should contain only one identifier column (either a device identifier or a maintained RampID).

  • You can include columns with attribute data, but these columns will not be returned in the output table.

See the table below for a list of the suggested input table columns and descriptions for translating device identifiers.

Suggested Column Name

Example

Description

device_identifier

1f4d256c-1f08-41f6-a108-bbe511de9497

Can be one of the following identifiers:

  • Cookie

  • MAID

  • CTV ID

See the table below for a list of the suggested input table columns and descriptions for translating individual RampIDs into their associated household RampIDs.

Suggested Column Name

Example

Description

RampID

XYT999wXyWPB1SgpMUKlpzA013UaLEz2lg0wFAr1PWK7FMhsd

  • The RampID for translation to a Household RampID.

  • Must be a maintained RampID (to have an associated with a Household RampID).

Input Table Columns for CID Resolution

See the table below for a list of the suggested input table columns and descriptions for CID resolution.

Note

You can include columns with attribute data, but these columns will not be returned in the output table.

Suggested Column Name

Example

Description

cid

b916clarib la1;blNj10gtQjQ3QUEwMTNEMTcaktboEc0g9022cxoiaklr20185

The CID for translation to a RampID

Specify the Variables

To specify the variables to be used for the operation:

  1. Open the Execution Steps worksheet with the sample SQL for execution.

  2. Update the following variables in the sample SQL shown below and then run the SQL:

    • DATABASE: The name of your database.

    • PUBLIC: The name of the schema that holds the tables.

    • INPUT_TABLE: The name of the input table to use for the operation.

    • META_TABLE: The name of the metadata table to use for the operation.

    • METRICS_TABLE: The name of the metrics table to use for the operation.

    • LOGGING_TABLE: The name of the logging table to use for the operation.

    • OUTPUT_TABLE: The name of the output table that will be created after the operation has been run.

    • IDENTITY_RESOLUTION_AND_TRANSCODING: The name of the database the native app is loaded to.

--Update this section with the appropriate variables
set customer_db_name = 'DATABASE';
set customer_schema_name = concat($customer_db_name, '.', 'PUBLIC');
set customer_input_table_name = concat($customer_schema_name, '.', 'INPUT_TABLE');
set customer_meta_table_name = concat($customer_schema_name, '.', 'META_TABLE');
set customer_metrics_table_name = concat($customer_schema_name, '.', 'METRICS_TABLE');
set customer_logging_table_name = concat($customer_schema_name, '.', 'LOGGING_TABLE');
set output_table_name = 'OUTPUT_TABLE';

-- Name of the installed application
set application_name = 'IDENTITY_RESOLUTION_AND_TRANSCODING';

Create the Metadata Table

A metadata table can be reused for multiple operations, but a separate metadata table must be prepared for each different identity resolution operation you want to perform. For example, if you’re going to perform identity resolution on both MAIDs and hashed emails, you’ll need a different metadata table for each operation.

See the sections below for instructions on creating the metadata table for each identity resolution type.

Create the Metadata Table for PII Resolution

To create the metadata table for PII resolution:

  • Update the following variables in the sample SQL from the Execution worksheet shown below and then run the SQL:

    • <client_id>: Enter either an existing client ID or a new one provided in implementation.

    • <client_secret>: Enter the password/secret for the client ID.

    • <up to 4 name column names>: Enter the names of the column(s) in the input table to be used for the “name” element. Each column name should be enclosed in double quotes. Enter a maximum of 4 name columns. If entering multiple column names, separate the column names with commas.

    • <up to 7 address column names>: Enter the names of the column(s) in the input table to be used for the “address” element. Each column name should be enclosed in double quotes. Enter a maximum of 7 address columns. If entering multiple column names, separate the column names with commas.

    • <city column>: Enter the name of the column to be used for the “city” element.

    • <state column>: Enter the name of the column to be used for the “state” element.

    • <zipcode column>: Enter the name of the column to be used for the “zipcode” element.

    • <phone column>: Enter the name of the column to be used for the “phone” element.

    • <email column>: Enter the name of the column to be used for the “email” element.

Note

You can specify the number of RampIDs to be returned for each set of PII, to a maximum of 10 RampIDs per PII set. By default, 1 RampID will be returned per PII set. To change this, replace the “1” in the “as limit” line at the bottom of the SQL sample shown below with your desired number.

-- FOR PII Update the parameters here for the metadata table
-- Not all PII types need to be present, remove unused entries from the target_columns JSON
create or replace table identifier($customer_meta_table_name) as
select
    TO_VARCHAR(DECRYPT(ENCRYPT('<client_id>', 'HideFromLogs'), 'HideFromLogs'), 'utf-8') as client_id,
    TO_VARCHAR(DECRYPT(ENCRYPT('<client_secret>', 'HideFromLogs'), 'HideFromLogs'), 'utf-8') as client_secret,
    'resolution' as execution_mode,
    'pii' as execution_type,
    parse_json($$
    {
      "name": ["<up to 4 name column names>"],
      "streetAddress": ["<up to 7 address column names>"],
      "city": "<city column>",
      "state": "<state column>",
      "zipCode": "<zipcode column>",
      "phone": "<phone column>",
      "email": "<email column>"
    }
    $$) as target_columns,
    1 as limit;

The populated SQL with the suggested input column names might look like the example show below:

-- FOR PII Update the parameters here for the metadata table
-- Not all PII types need to be present, remove unused entries from the target_columns JSON
create or replace table identifier($customer_meta_table_name) as
select
    TO_VARCHAR(DECRYPT(ENCRYPT('liveramp_client', 'HideFromLogs'), 'HideFromLogs'), 'utf-8') as client_id,
    TO_VARCHAR(DECRYPT(ENCRYPT('84159be2-ab93-4bf8-24c9-2g123ef08815', 'HideFromLogs'), 'HideFromLogs'), 'utf-8') as client_secret,
    'resolution' as execution_mode,
    'pii' as execution_type,
    parse_json($$
    {
      "name": ["first_name",”last_name”],
      "streetAddress": ["address_1",”address_2],
      "city": "city",
      "state": "state",
      "zipCode": "zip",
      "phone": "phone",
      "email": "email"
    }
    $$) as target_columns,
    1 as limit;

Create the Metadata Table for Email Resolution

To create the metadata table for email resolution:

  • Update the following variables in the sample SQL from the Execution worksheet shown below and then run the SQL:

    • <client_id>: Enter either an existing client ID or a new one provided in implementation.

    • <client_secret>: Enter the password/secret for the client ID.

    • <column to be resolved>: Enter the name of the column containing the email addresses to be resolved.

Note

You can specify the number of RampIDs to be returned for each email, to a maximum of 10 RampIDs per email. By default, 1 RampID will be returned per email. To change this, replace the “1” in the “as limit” line at the bottom of the SQL sample shown below with your desired number.

-- email
-- FOR EMAIL Update the parameters here for the metadata table
create or replace table identifier($customer_meta_table_name) as
select
    TO_VARCHAR(DECRYPT(ENCRYPT('<client_id>', 'HideFromLogs'), 'HideFromLogs'), 'utf-8') as client_id,
    TO_VARCHAR(DECRYPT(ENCRYPT('<client_secret>', 'HideFromLogs'), 'HideFromLogs'), 'utf-8') as client_secret,
    'resolution' as execution_mode,
    'email' as execution_type,
    '<column to be resolved>' as target_column,
    1 as limit;

Create the Metadata Table for Device ID Resolution

To create the metadata table for device ID resolution:

  • Update the following variables in the sample SQL from the Execution worksheet shown below and then run the SQL:

    • <client_id>: Enter either an existing client ID or a new one provided in implementation.

    • <client_secret>: Enter the password/secret for the client ID.

    • <execution_type>: Enter the execution type:

      • Enter Cookies to resolve cookies

      • Enter MAID to resolve mobile device IDs

      • Enter CTV to resolve CTV IDs

      • Enter HHLink to resolve individual RampIDs into household RampIDs

    • <column to be resolved>: Enter the name of the column containing the device identifiers (cookies, MAIDs, or CTV IDs) or RampIDs to be resolved.

--FOR DEVICE OR CID RESOLUTION Update the parameters here for the metadata table
create or replace table identifier($customer_meta_table_name) as
select
    TO_VARCHAR(DECRYPT(ENCRYPT('<client_id>', 'HideFromLogs'), 'HideFromLogs'), 'utf-8') as client_id,
    TO_VARCHAR(DECRYPT(ENCRYPT('<client_secret>', 'HideFromLogs'), 'HideFromLogs'), 'utf-8') as client_secret,
    'resolution' as execution_mode,
    '<execution_type>' as execution_type,
    '<column to be resolved>' as target_column;

Create the Metadata Table for CID Resolution

To create the metadata table for CID resolution:

  • Update the following variables in the sample SQL from the Execution worksheet shown below and then run the SQL:

    • <client_id>: Enter either an existing client ID or a new one provided in implementation.

    • <client_secret>: Enter the password/secret for the client ID.

    • <execution_type>: Enter the CID name provided to you by LiveRamp and specific to the mapping created.

    • <column to be resolved>: Enter the name of the column containing the CIDs to be resolved.

--FOR DEVICE OR CID RESOLUTION Update the parameters here for the metadata table
create or replace table identifier($customer_meta_table_name) as
select
    TO_VARCHAR(DECRYPT(ENCRYPT('<client_id>', 'HideFromLogs'), 'HideFromLogs'), 'utf-8') as client_id,
    TO_VARCHAR(DECRYPT(ENCRYPT('<client_secret>', 'HideFromLogs'), 'HideFromLogs'), 'utf-8') as client_secret,
    'resolution' as execution_mode,
    '<execution_type>' as execution_type,
    '<column to be resolved>' as target_column;

Set Up Permissions

To set up the permissions for the tables used for translation, run the SQL in the Execution Steps worksheet shown below:

Note

This SQL utilizes the variables that were set up in the “Specify the Variables” section above.

--The remainder of the commands should be run for ALL JOB TYPES, please switch to the Native App database and schema and execute the procedure.  Once completed, please run check_for_output for the output table to be written in the appropriate Job Schema

grant usage on database identifier ($customer_db_name) to application identifier($application_name);
grant usage on schema identifier ($customer_schema_name) to application identifier($application_name);
grant select on table identifier ($customer_input_table_name) to application identifier($application_name);
grant select on table identifier ($customer_meta_table_name) to application identifier($application_name);


use database identifier ($application_name);
use schema lr_app_schema;

Perform the Identity Resolution Operation

Once you’ve completed the previous steps, you’re ready to perform the identity resolution operation.

You perform an identity resolution operation by running the identifier resolution procedure shown below, which includes checking that the output has succeeded. You can then view the output table to check the results.

The output tables vary somewhat, depending on the type of identifiers being resolved.

To perform the identity resolution operation:

  1. Locate the lr_resolution_and_trancoding procedure shown below and run that SQL.

    call lr_resolution_and_transcoding(
    	$customer_input_table_name,
    	$customer_meta_table_name,
    	$output_table_name,
            $customer_logging_table_name,
    	$customer_metrics_table_name
    );

    The translate operation runs to completion.

  2. Locate the Check for output procedure shown below and run that SQL.

    call check_for_output(
    	$output_table_name
    );

    If Snowflake returns a status message of error, run the procedure again until Snowflake returns a status message of "Success. Output Table: <OUTPUT_TABLENAME> is now available".

    Once the app returns a success message, the output should be displayed in the native app database under lr_app_schema.

The results end up in the output table in the same database, with the fields shown in the appropriate section below.

View the Output Table

The identity resolution results end up in the output table in the same database you specified previously.

Once you've confirmed that the output table has been generated, see the appropriate section below for information on the output table format for the type of identity resolution operation that was run.

If for any reason you need to drop the output table, update the parameters in the following command and run:

call DROP_OUTPUT_TABLE(
    '<table_name>'
);

View the PII Resolution Output Table

The PII resolution process passes the input table through a privacy filter which removes the PII and reswizzles the table (in addition to other operations). Because of this, any attributes you need to keep associated with the identifier need to be included in the input table. For more information, see the "Privacy Filter" section below.

Identity resolution of PII provides supplemental match metadata for additional insight into customer data that can provide powerful signals for making decisions based on RampIDs.

For PII resolution, the output table includes the fields shown in the table below.

Column

Example

Description

RampID

XYT999wXyWPB1SgpMUKlpzA013UaLEz2lg0wFAr1PWK7FMhsd

Returns the resolved RampID in your domain encoding.

attribute_1

Male

Any attribute columns passed through the service are returned.

__lr_rank

1

Provides insight on the match cascade level associated with the identifiers.

If no maintained RampID is found, this value will be "null".

__lr_filter_name

name_phone

Returns the filter name where the match occurred, which will be one of the following options:

  • name_address_zip

  • name_email

  • name_phone

  • partial_name_email

  • partial_name_phone

  • strict_name (name + zip)

  • email

  • phone

  • last_name_address

If no maintained RampID is found, this value will be "null".

View the Email-Only Resolution Output Table

The email-only resolution process operates similarly to PII resolution. Any attributes you need to keep associated with the identifier need to be included in the input table. For more information, see the "Privacy Filter" section below.

For email-only resolution, the results end up in the output table in the same database, with the following fields (as shown below):

  • RampID (resolved email data)

  • attributes (based on other data passed through the service).

Column

Example

Description

RampID

XYT999wXyWPB1SgpMUKlpzA013UaLEz2lg0wFAr1PWK7FMhsd

Returns the resolved RampID in your domain encoding.

attribute_1

Male

Any attribute columns passed through the service are returned.

View the Device Identifier Resolution Output Table

For device identifier resolution, the results end up in the output table in the same database, with the following fields (as shown below):

  • dEVICE_id (original input)

  • RampID (converted values).

Column

Example

Description

device_id

93abc799-a0a5-40b5-80dd-d2ab61d4d072

RampID

XYT999wXyWPB1SgpMUKlpzA013UaLEz2lg0wFAr1PWK7FMhsd

View the CID Resolution Output Table

For CID resolution, the results end up in the output table in the same database, with the following fields (as shown below):

  • cid_id (original input)

  • RampID (converted values).

Column

Sample

Description

cid_id

93abc799-a0a5-40b5-80dd-d2ab61d4d072

Original identifier passed in.

RampID

XYT999wXyWPB1SgpMUKlpzA013UaLEz2lg0wFAr1PWK7FMhsd

Returns the resolved RampID in your domain encoding.

Privacy Filter

To minimize the risk of re-identification (the ability to tie PII directly to a RampID), the service includes the following processes when resolving PII identifiers (PII resolution or email-only resolution):

  • Column Values: The process evaluates the combination of all the column values on a per row basis for unique values. If a particular combination of column values occurs 3 or fewer times, the rows containing those column values will not be matchable and will not be returned in the output table.

  • >5% of the table unmatchable: If, based on column value uniqueness, >5% of the file rows are unmatchable, the job will fail.

  • Number of Unique RampIDs: If fewer than 100 unique RampIDs would be returned, the job will fail.

  • Reswizzle full table: Upon completion, the full table will be reswizzled to return the rows RampID | attribute_1 | attribute_2 | attribute_n in a different order than what was submitted in the input table.